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''The Red Book'' is a red leather‐bound folio manuscript crafted by the Swiss psychologist and physician Carl Gustav Jung between 1915 and about 1930. It recounts and comments upon the author’s imaginative experiences between 1913 and 1916, and is based on manuscripts first drafted by Jung in 1914‐15 and 1917.〔Lance S. Owens and Stephan A. Hoeller, 'Carl Gustav Jung and The Red Book: Liber Novus'; ''Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion'', 2nd edition, (Springer Reference, 2014) ISBN 978-1-4614-6085-5 , pg. 1, online edition, https://www.academia.edu/6922901/C._G._Jung_and_the_Red_Book 〕 Despite being nominated as the central work in Jung’s oeuvre,〔Jung, C. G., ''The Red Book: Liber Novus''. Ed. S. Shamdasani, tr. M. Kyburz, J. Peck and S. Shamdasani. New York: W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-06567-1. p. 221. Hereafter cited as ''Liber Novus''.〕 it was not published or made otherwise accessible for study until 2009. In October 2009, with cooperation of Jung's estate and after thirteen years of exhaustive editorial work by Sonu Shamdasani, ''The Red Book: Liber Novus'' was published by W. W. Norton in a facsimile edition, complete with an English translation, a comprehensive introduction written by Shamdasani, three appendices, and over 1500 editorial notes.〔''The Red Book: Liber Novus''. Ed. S. Shamdasani, tr. M. Kyburz, J. Peck and S. Shamdasani. New York: W. W. Norton, 2009. ISBN 978-0-393-06567-1.〕 Editions and translations in several other languages soon followed. In December 2012, Norton additionally released a "Reader's Edition" of the work; this smaller format edition includes the complete translated text of ''The Red Book: Liber Novus'' along with the introduction and notes prepared by Shamdasani, but it omits the facsimile reproduction of Jung's original calligraphic manuscript.〔''The Red Book: A Reader's Edition''. Ed. S. Shamdasani, tr. M. Kyburz, J. Peck and S. Shamdasani. New York: W. W. Norton, 2012. ISBN 978-0393089080. Note that in this edition several footnotes are updated and typographical errors found in the original printings of the facsimile edition are corrected.〕 While the work has in past years been descriptively called simply “The Red Book,” Jung did emboss a formal title on the spine of his leather-bound folio: he there titled the work ''Liber Novus'' (in Latin, the “New Book”). His manuscript is now increasingly cited as ''Liber Novus'', and under this title implicitly includes draft material intended for but never finally transcribed into the red leather folio proper.〔Lance S. Owens and Stephan A. Hoeller, 'Carl Gustav Jung and The Red Book: Liber Novus'; 'Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion'', 2nd edition, (Springer Reference, 2014) ISBN 978-1-4614-6085-5, pg. 1, online edition, https://www.academia.edu/6922901/C._G._Jung_and_the_Red_Book 〕 ==Context and composition== Jung was associated with Freud for a period of approximately six years, beginning in 1907. Over those years, their relationship became increasingly acrimonious. When the final break of the relationship came in 1913, Jung retreated from many of his professional activities to intensely reconsider his personal and professional path.〔Shamdasani gives a detailed review Jung's development and his divergence from Freud during this period in: Sonu Shamdasani, ''C. G. Jung: A Biography in Books'', W. W. Norton, 2012, pp. 49-60. ISBN 978-0393073676〕 The creative activitiy that produced ''Liber Novus'' came in this period, from 1913 to about 1917. Biographers and critics have disagreed in the past as to whether these years in Jung's life should be seen as, "a creative illness, a period of introspection, a psychotic break, or simply madness."〔Lance S. Owens, "The Hermeneutics of Vision: C. G. Jung and Liber Novus", ''The Gnostic: A Journal of Gnosticism, Western Esotericism and Spirituality'' Issue 3, July 2010. ISBN 978-1906834043 Online edition, pg. 2 https://www.academia.edu/6922849/The_Hermeneutics_of_Vision_C._G._Jung_and_Liber_Novus 〕 Anthony Storr, reflecting on Jung's own judgment that he was "menaced by a psychosis" during this time, concluded that the period represented a psychotic episode.〔 Paul Stern made similar claims in his biography of Jung, ''C. G. Jung: The Haunted Prophet'' ISBN 978-0440547440〕 According to Sonu Shamdasani, Storr's opinion is untenable in light of currently available documentation.〔 , pp. 71-3. Shamdasani rebuts the assertions made by both Anthony Storr and Paul Stern about Jung's supposed "psychosis."〕 During the years Jung engaged with his "nocturnal work" on ''Liber Novus'', he continued to function in his daytime activities without any evident impairment.〔On the "nocturnal work", see ''Liber Novus'', pg. 211. Jung writes in Liber Novus that during the day, "I gave all my love and submission to things, to men, and to the thoughts of this time. I went into the desert only at night. Thus can you differentiate sick and divine delusion. Whoever does the one and does without the other you may call sick since he is out of balance." ''Liber Novus'', pg. 238.〕 He maintained a busy professional practice, seeing on average five patients a day. He lectured, wrote, and remained active in professional associations.〔Lance S. Owens, "The Hermeneutics of Vision: C. G. Jung and Liber Novus", ''The Gnostic: A Journal of Gnosticism, Western Esotericism and Spirituality'' Issue 3, July 2010. ISBN 978-1906834043 Online edition, pg. 11 https://www.academia.edu/6922849/The_Hermeneutics_of_Vision_C._G._Jung_and_Liber_Novus 〕 Throughout this period he also serviced as an officer in the Swiss army and was on active duty over several extended periods between 1914 and 1918, the years of World War I in which Jung was composing ''Liber Novus''.〔Shamdasani offers extensive documentation about Jung's normal professional and social functioning during this period in his introduction to ''Liber Novus'', p. 221.〕 Jung was not "psychotic" by any accepted clinical criteria during the period he created ''Liber Novus''. Nonetheless, what he was doing during these years defies facile categorization. Jung referred to his imaginative or visionary venture during these years as "my most difficult experiment."〔''Liber Novus'', pp. 198-202.〕 This experiment involved a voluntary confrontation with the unconscious through willful engagement of what Jung later termed "mythopoetic imagination".〔''Liber Novus'', pg. 208.〕 In his introduction to ''Liber Novus'', Shamdasani explains: "From December 1913 onward, he carried on in the same procedure: deliberately evoking a fantasy in a waking state, and then entering into it as into a drama. These fantasies may be understood as a type of dramatized thinking in pictorial form.... In retrospect, he recalled that his scientific question was to see what took place when he switched off consciousness. The example of dreams indicated the existence of background activity, and he wanted to give this a possibility of emerging, just as one does when taking mescaline."〔''Liber Novus'', pg. 200.〕 Jung initially recorded his "visions", or "fantasies, or "imaginations" — all terms used by Jung to describe his activity〔Owens, "Hermeneutics of Vision", pp. 11-13.〕 — in a series of six journals now known collectively as the "Black Books".〔Shamdasani explains the nature of the "Black Books", and provides high-resolution photographs of these journals in: Shamdasani, ''C. G. Jung: A Biography in Books'', pp. 63-73.〕 This journal record begins on 12 November 1913, and continues with intensity through the summer of 1914; subsequent entries were added up through at least the 1930s.〔The Black Books are currently being edited for publication: ''The Black Books of C.G. Jung (1913-1932)'', ed. Sonu Shamdasani, (Stiftung der Werke von C. G. Jung & W. W. Norton & Company), publication date pending. 〕 Biographer Barbara Hannah, who was close to Jung throughout the last three decades of his life, compared Jung's imaginative experiences recounted in his journals to the encounter of Menelaus with Proteus in the ''Odyssey.'' Jung, she said, "made it a rule never to let a figure or figures that he encountered leave until they had told him why they had appeared to him." After the outbreak of World War I in August of 1914, Jung perceived that his visionary experience was not only of personal relevance, but entwined with a crucial cultural moment. In late-1914 and 1915 he compiled the visions from the journals, along with his additional commentary on each imaginative episode, into an initial manuscript. This manuscript was the beginning of ''Liber Novus''.〔See Shamdasani's introduction to the ''Red Book: Liber Novus'' for detailed explanation of this effort: ''Liber Novus'', pp. 198-203.〕 In 1915 Jung began artfully transcribing this draft text into the illuminated calligraphic volume that would subsequently become known as the ''Red Book''. In 1917 he compiled a further supplementary manuscript of visionary material and commentary, which he titled "Scrutinies"; this also was apparently intended for transcription into his red folio volume, the "Red Book".〔''Liber Novus'', pg. 331ff.〕 Although Jung labored on the artful transcription of this corpus of manuscript material into the calligraphic folio of the Red Book for sixteen years, he never completed the task. Only approximately two-thirds of Jung's manuscript text was transcribed into the Red Book by 1930, when he abandoned further work on the calligraphic transcription of his draft material into the Red Book.〔In the last three years of his life, Jung returned to his folio volume, and made an effort to finish the transcription. He found it was beyond his ability, given his advanced age. The transcription ends in mid-sentence. ''Liber Novus'', pg. 360.〕 The published edition of ''The Red Book: Liber Novus'' includes all of Jung's manuscript material prepared for ''Liber Novus'', and not just the portion of the text transcribed by Jung into the calligraphic red book volume.〔See Shamdasani's "Editorial Note": ''Liber Novus'', pp. 225-6.〕 In 1957, near the end of his life, Jung spoke to Aniela Jaffé about the ''Red Book'' and the process which yielded it; in that interview he stated: "The years… when I pursued the inner images, were the most important time of my life. Everything else is to be derived from this. It began at that time, and the later details hardly matter anymore. My entire life consisted in elaborating what had burst forth from the unconscious and flooded me like an enigmatic stream and threatened to break me. That was the stuff and material for more than only one life. Everything later was merely the outer classification, scientific elaboration, and the integration into life. But the numinous beginning, which contained everything, was then."〔''Liber Novus'', p. vii. 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Red Book (Jung)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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